{"id":6108,"date":"2016-05-08T08:20:31","date_gmt":"2016-05-07T20:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/?p=6108"},"modified":"2016-05-08T19:03:16","modified_gmt":"2016-05-08T07:03:16","slug":"new-zealand-sea-lions-enderby-island","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/6108","title":{"rendered":"New Zealand Sea Lions – Enderby Island"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Overview<\/a>
Overview of the Sandy Bay Sea Lion colony, Enderby Island<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

We spent the rest of our afternoon on Enderby Island watching the New Zealand Sea Lions in the breeding colony at Sandy Bay. It was a hive of endless activity with little dramas playing out the whole time. The dominant beachmaster males \u00a0control a group of breeding females and are continually fighting between themselves to maintain their territory. A lot of their encounters seem to be posturing more than contact but there are\u00a0still many episodes of flying fur and blood stained necks. The new born pups are unbearably sweet with their soft fur, dopey puppy faces and bleating. The large males seem to pay them no heed in their testosterone fueled haze and the\u00a0little ones\u00a0seem in continual danger of being crushed. The Brown Skuas are in constant attendance for whatever they can find and were especially focussed on a stillborn pup that was still being defended by it’s mother.<\/p>\n

\"Our<\/a>
Our timing was perfect to catch the pups at peak cuteness.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Beachmasters_D810497-web\"<\/a>
Battling beachmasters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

New Zealand Sea Lions were\u00a0classified as vulnerable\u00a0on the IUCN Red List<\/a>\u00a0until 2015 when they were reclassified as endangered, placing them 1 step below critically endangered and only 2 steps below extinct in the wild. They are at significant risk, having a very \u00a0restricted distribution and with all their breeding activity essentially centred on Enderby Island and a smaller colony on\u00a0Campbell Island. A population viability analysis of the Auckland Island population predicted a 98% probability of extinction of this population within 5 generations which is an alarming thought. Their numbers were\u00a0severely impacted during the days of sealing and never fully recovered. In recent times the numbers are continuing to drop due to a number of factors including fishing, climate change with movement of prey increasing foraging distance, and disease.<\/p>\n

\"Sea<\/a>
Sea Lion mother watching over her 3 day old stillborn pup and trying to protect it from Skua predation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Skua<\/a>
Skua probing the margin of the puppy pile for any signs of weakness<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Like other Otariidae (Eared or fur seals) they are sexually dimorphic with the males being up to 1.5 times longer and 3-4 times heavier than the females. The females are beautifully sleek and golden with the males being a dark brown with a rough mane and coarse features. Looking at the beautiful little pups it seems that testosterone has a lot to answer for! Sexual maturity is reached at 5 years for males and 3-4 years for females with 65% of females achieving reproductive success each year. Pup mortality at\u00a01 year for the Auckland Island population was 30-55% with figures even worse in the more rugged environment of Campbell Island where the 6 week mortality was 55%. Lifespan for males is at least 23 years and females 26 years. Oestrus occurs 7-10 days after the females give birth so the colony is a chaos of birthing, mating and nurturing newborn pups. After mating the females embark on short foraging trips of 2-3 days before returning to attend and feed pups for a day or 2. At this stage they are likely\u00a0carrying an embryo for the following year so if lost at sea potentially 3 animals are lost as the pup left on the beach will starve too. This \u00a0makes the by-catch of predominantly adult females in trawl nets especially concerning. The peak squid fishing season co-incides with the breeding season when the Sea Lions are most in need of food for breeding, so may contribute to them needing to forage further and with less success due to competition from the fishery. Mitigating mechanisms in nets involving a steel grill and escape hatch have been in place since the 1990s with a reduction in recorded Sea Lion deaths in nets but not an increase in population numbers. Pup mortality relates to trauma (35%), bacterial infection (24%), hookworm infection (13%), starvation (13%) and stillbirth (4%). Adult males contribute to this via trampling during territorial battles and occasional episodes of cannibalism.<\/p>\n

\"Female<\/a>
Female NZ Sea Lion running the gauntlet of bulls which begins before emerging from the surf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"SeaLionsMating_D810367-web\"<\/a>
Mating occurs a week or so after pups are born<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In a land with native land mammals restricted to 2 bats, our marine mammals assume a special significance and impose a special responsibility on us. Being restricted largely to our Subantarctic Islands, most New Zealanders haven’t had the opportunity to see and appreciate them first hand so they remain a concept rather than a reality and their plight remains a step further away from from our daily consciousness. We rely on the researchers to identify the issues of importance and on the government not to risk our universal heritage for short term monetary gains of\u00a0a few. The article in the March\/April 2016 New Zealand Geographic<\/a> by Bill Morris<\/a> with photos by Richie Robinson<\/a> provides a good insight into the issues.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We spent the rest of our afternoon on Enderby Island watching the New Zealand Sea Lions in the breeding colony at Sandy Bay. It was a hive of endless activity with little dramas playing out the whole time. The dominant beachmaster males \u00a0control a group of breeding females and are continually fighting between themselves to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[20,18,29,142,19],"tags":[151,155,154,170,144,169,148,143,150],"class_list":["post-6108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","category-mammals","category-new-zealand","category-subantarctic","category-travel","tag-adventure","tag-auckland-islands","tag-enderby-island","tag-marine-mammal","tag-new-zealand","tag-sea-lion","tag-subantarctic","tag-subantarctic-islands","tag-travel","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nNew Zealand Sea Lions - Enderby Island - WildLight Photography<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/6108\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Zealand Sea Lions - Enderby Island - WildLight Photography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We spent the rest of our afternoon on Enderby Island watching the New Zealand Sea Lions in the breeding colony at Sandy Bay. 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Being more sheltered from the wind the vegetation became taller with tussock rising from calf to waist and chest height, dracophyllum and Macquarie Island Cabbage becoming common\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "birds"","block_context":{"text":"birds","link":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/category\/birds"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SouthernRata_D819422-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SouthernRata_D819422-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SouthernRata_D819422-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SouthernRata_D819422-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6000,"url":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/6000","url_meta":{"origin":6108,"position":1},"title":"Enderby Island hike – South shore","author":"tony","date":"April 3, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Emerging from\u00a0the Southern Rata forest east of Teal Lake we continued our Enderby Island hike along the south shore. The going was initially easy underfoot with a plush carpet of mosses and bidibid but after a Teal-free Teal Lake we encountered the final trackless, shoulder high, tussock hummocks which, combined\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "New Zealand"","block_context":{"text":"New Zealand","link":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/category\/new-zealand"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Light-mantledAlbatrossPair_D819880-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Light-mantledAlbatrossPair_D819880-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Light-mantledAlbatrossPair_D819880-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Light-mantledAlbatrossPair_D819880-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6149,"url":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/6149","url_meta":{"origin":6108,"position":2},"title":"More Enderby Island Sea Lions","author":"tony","date":"May 15, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Last week's post did not have space to do justice to the\u00a0\u00a0photos I took of the Enderby Island Sea Lion colony\u00a0so I thought I would share a few more this week. It was quite a powerful scene to witness with the raw aggression of the males, their dominance of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "mammals"","block_context":{"text":"mammals","link":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/category\/mammals"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/SeaLionHarem_D811156-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/SeaLionHarem_D811156-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/SeaLionHarem_D811156-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/SeaLionHarem_D811156-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6092,"url":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/6092","url_meta":{"origin":6108,"position":3},"title":"New Zealand Subantarctic Islands Master Post","author":"tony","date":"July 7, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Southern Royal Albatross displaying, Campbell Island This master post links through to all the posts from our New Zealand Subantarctic trips with Heritage Expeditions. As with the\u00a0Antarctic Expedition\u00a0posts, a master post will make it easier to navigate. Posts for the 2020 expedition are still being published and I will update\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Master Post"","block_context":{"text":"Master Post","link":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/category\/master-post"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SouthernRoyals_D812789-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SouthernRoyals_D812789-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SouthernRoyals_D812789-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SouthernRoyals_D812789-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5910,"url":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/5910","url_meta":{"origin":6108,"position":4},"title":"Enderby Island hike – North shore","author":"tony","date":"March 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"After leaving the boardwalk we continued our Enderby Island hike heading east along the clifftops on the northern shore. There is no track and we started in short, wind flattened tussock pierced by the short golden spears of Bulbinella rossii.\u00a0As we progressed more \u00a0Anisotome\u00a0latifolia\u00a0appeared until they dominated the megaherb garden\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "birds"","block_context":{"text":"birds","link":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/category\/birds"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyNorthShoreWalk_D3S9615-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyNorthShoreWalk_D3S9615-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyNorthShoreWalk_D3S9615-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyNorthShoreWalk_D3S9615-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5872,"url":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/5872","url_meta":{"origin":6108,"position":5},"title":"Enderby Island Boardwalk","author":"tony","date":"March 6, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Waking at anchor in Port Ross after our passage from the Snares to the Auckland Islands we were greeted by god rays piercing the clouds and patches of moving sunlight painting the basalt cliffs and golden sands of Enderby Island. After breakfast and a briefing on Zodiac landings and how\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "New Zealand"","block_context":{"text":"New Zealand","link":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/archives\/category\/new-zealand"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyBoardwalk_D3S9501-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyBoardwalk_D3S9501-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyBoardwalk_D3S9501-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/EnderbyBoardwalk_D3S9501-web.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6108"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6108\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonywhitehead.com\/wildlight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}